Technology and Innovation Report 2015: fostering innovation policies for industrial development

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

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dc.coverage.spatial	USA	es_ES
dc.creator	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
dc.date	2015
dc.date.accessioned	2025-09-26T20:36:41Z
dc.date.available	2025-09-26T20:36:41Z
dc.identifier.citation	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2015. Technology and Innovation Report 2015: fostering innovation policies for industrial development. New York: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) / Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU).	es_ES
dc.identifier.isbn	978-92-1-057306-1
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10469/24808
dc.description	Building productive capacities and promoting sustainable industrialization have an important role to play across the spectrum of the integrated 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Agenda recognizes that the notion of sustainable industrialization is multi-faceted: it is not solely limited to environmental sustainability, but refers to efforts that are technology-led, productivity enhancing and poverty-reducing. It is based on the understanding that no industrial policy is complete without an accompanying innovation policy. Both are essential and complementary to shaping developmental outcomes and creating prosperity for all. The UNCTAD Technology and Innovation Report of 2015 addresses this urgent policy priority by analyzing the crucial role of technological learning and innovation capacity. Promoting industrialization is a challenge throughout the world. This report helps to address some of the questions that policymakers face when seeking to forge new paths to secure a prosperous future for their people.	es_ES
dc.description.sponsorship	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) : Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU)	es_ES
dc.description.tableofcontents	ÍNDICE \| Note ii \| Preface iii \| Acknowledgements iv \| List of Abbreviations v \| Contents vi \| Overview xiii \| CHAPTER I: INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION POLICY 3 \| A. INTRODUCTION 3 \| B. SCENE SETTING: THE NEED TO COORDINATE INDUSTRIAL AND INNOVATION POLICY FRAMEWORKS 5 \| 1. Shifting emphasis towards innovation in the global landscape 5 \| 2. Stagnating growth rates or growth rates in unproductive sectors 6 \| 3. Synergies between industrial and innovation policies 7 \| C. NOTE ON THE CHOICE OF REGION AND COUNTRIES 9 \| D. METHODOLOGY 9 \| E. DEFINITIONS 11 \| 1. Industrial policy and industry 11 \| 2. Innovation 11 \| 3. Science, technology and innovation policy 11 \| F. REPORT'S CONTRIBUTION AND STRUCTURE 11 \| CHAPTER II: LINKAGES BETWEEN INNOVATION POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 17 \| A. INTRODUCTION 17 \| B. TRIGGERS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 18 \| 1. Why focus on industrial development policies? 18 \| 2. Creating a supportive environment for industry 19 \| a. Improving technical and technological efficiency in firms 19 \| b. Promoting enterprise/ business support 20 \| c. Supporting industrial organization 20 \| d. Promoting a broader economic development strategy 21 \| C. GOALS AND INCENTIVES IN INNOVATION POLICIES 21 \| 1. Why focus on innovation policies? 21 \| 2. Policy objectives of innovation policies 21 \| a. Fostering technology absorption capacity 22 \| b. Creating an overall innovation ecosystem 25 \| D. POLICY OVERLAPS 26 \| 1. Overlapping domains of interventions in policy definition 26 \| a. Stimulating demand 26 \| b. Finance and investment 30 \| c. Accelerate technological learning through an enabling environment 30 \| d. Establishment of supporting institutions 32 \| E. WHAT MATTERS 32 \| 1. Identify and eliminate policy redundancies 34 \| 2. Promote policy coherence and competence 34 \| 3. Use resources carefully 34 \| 4. Develop capacity for proper policy evaluation and monitoring 35 \| 5. Coordinate policymaking efforts and implementation with the local business environment more closely in order to engage the private sector 35 \| F. CHAPTER SUMMARY 35 \| CHAPTER III: COORDINATING INNOVATION AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY: NIGERIA'S EXPERIENCE 39 \| A. INTRODUCTION 39 \| B. OVERALL TRENDS IN THE ECONOMY 40 \| 1. Underlying drivers of growth 40 \| 2. Challenges for structural diversification: 1960s to the present day 41 \| a. Nigeria's national development plans 41 \| b. The 1998 National Industrial Policy 42 \| c. National vision statements: Nigeria Vision 2010 and 2020 43 \| d. Nigeria's National STI Policy 43 \| C. INNOVATION AND INDUSTRY GROWTH: RESULTS OF THE FIELD SURVEY 44 \| 1. Enterprise characteristics in the three surveyed sectors 44 \| 2. Survey results: Nature of innovation in the three sectors 44 \| a. New process and product innovations 44 \| b. Collaborations and sources of technological information for firms 45 \| 3. Survey results: Sectoral weaknesses, innovation constraints and industry performance 47 \| a. Failings in the general innovation environment 47 \| i. Knowledge related issues 47 \| ii. Physical infrastructure related issues 47 \| b. Competitiveness-related issues 47 \| c. Policy impediments to learning and innovation 48 \| d. Lack of collaborative linkages 48 \| D. OUTSTANDING ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION 48 \| E. CONCLUDING REMARKS 49 \| CHAPTER IV: HARNESSING STI POLICY FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA 55 \| A. INTRODUCTION 55 \| B. CURRENT DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURAL GAPS IN THE ECONOMY 55 \| 1. Sectoral trends 56 \| 2. The development of innovation and industrial development policies 1960s until the present day 57 \| a. The first era of industrial development: 1960s to the 1980s 57 \| b. Second era of industrial development: The post-1986 period 58 \| 3. The evolution of STI policy in the United Republic of Tanzania 59 \| a. Science and technology policy during the pre-1996 period 59 \| b. STI policies in the post-1996 period 59 \| c. Current STI context 61 \| C. INNOVATION CAPACITY AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: RESULTS OF THE FIELD SURVEY 61 \| 1. Sector snapshots 62 \| 2. Survey results: Innovation opportunities and performance 62 \| a. Nature of innovation in the three sectors 62 \| b. Sources of technological information 63 \| c. Technological intensity of firm-level activities 63 \| 3. Survey results: Sectoral weaknesses, innovation constraints and industry performance 65 \| a. Innovation constraints 65 \| i. Arduous regulatory frameworks 65 \| ii. Technology transfer and technology incubation issues 65 \| iii. Local business practices and support to SMEs 66 \| iv. Finance 67 \| v. Low/ expensive access to intermediate inputs of production 67 \| b. Key issues arising in policy coordination between industrial and innovation policy 68 \| i. Fragmented policy support apparatus 68 \| ii. Overlapping policy measures and incentives 68 \| iii. Issues within the STI system 68 \| E. CONCLUDING REMARKS 69 \| CHAPTER V: PROMOTING INNOVATION POLICIES FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ETHIOPIA 75 \| A. INTRODUCTION 75 \| B. REVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION CAPACITY IN ETHIOPIA 76 \| 1. Overall economic trends: 1970s until the present day 77 \| 2. Industrial development policy strategies and performance 78 \| a. Industrial development policy focus from late 1950s -1980s 78 \| b. Emphasis on industrial development in the economic reforms of the 1990s 78 \| c. Industrial development strategies of the 2000s 78 \| d. The Growth and Transformation Plan and post-2010 policies 79 \| i. Development of industrial zones 79 \| ii. Capacity building programmes 79 \| iii. University-industry linkages 79 \| iv. Creation of a centralized innovation fund for R&D in 2006 79 \| 3. Overview of Ethiopia's science, technology and innovation policies 80 \| a. Science and technology policy focus, prior to 2008 80 \| b. Changes in innovation policy: 2008 and beyond 81 \| C. COORDINATING INDUSTRIAL AND INNOVATION POLICIES FOR FIRM-LEVEL SUPPORT: SURVEY RESULTS 82 \| 1. Sources of technological information 82 \| a. The agricultural sector 82 \| b. The pharmaceutical sector 83 \| 2. Key impediments to upgrading production techniques and performance 83 \| a. Greater support to develop process and product technologies and innovation capacities is needed 84 \| b. The need to exploit emerging markets and build competitive industry strategies 84 \| c. The need to create forward and backward linkages 85 \| d. The need to closely align industrial and innovation policies 85 \| e. Improving exports-import procedures and the general business environment 85 \| f. Promote access to finance 85 \| D. CONCLUDING REMARKS 85 \| CHAPTER VI: PARTNERING FOR DEVELOPMENT: HARNESSING THE SYNERGIES BETWEEN INNOVATION POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL POLICIES 93 \| A. INTRODUCTION 93 \| B. GENERAL FINDINGS 94 \| 1. Countries have elaborate industrial policy frameworks 94 \| 2. Countries have elaborate STI policy frameworks 95 \| 3. Enterprise support policies are the weak link 95 \| C. INDUSTRIAL POLICY-INNOVATION POLICY INTERFACE: WHAT MATTERS 96 \| 1. Gaps in policymaking structures exist 96 \| 2. Policies suffer from inconsistencies and often, overall incoherence 97 \| a. Policy incoherence in the conceptualization of the two policy frameworks 97 \| i. Incoherence as a result of ineffective or slow policy transitions 97 \| ii. Incoherence due to institutional resistance and inertia 98 \| iii. Incoherence due to insufficient policy competence/ policy oversight 98 \| b. Policy incoherence in the implementation process 100 \| i. Coordination hurdles need to be tackled at the level of agencies and organizational structures 102 \| ii. Policy changes should be accompanied by clear and enlarged budgets and staffing of skilled employees to facilitate their implementation 103 \| iii. Develop common time frames and goals between STI and industrial policies 103 \| iv. Importance of high-level governance structure and coordination 103 \| v. Best practices can only serve as a guideline 103 \| vi. Contextualization is key to achieving results 103 \| vii. Take stock of duplicated measures 103 \| 3. Policy monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to ensure efficient use of existing resources 104 \| a. Conceptualize monitoring from the start of the policy process 104 \| b. Ensure monitoring and regular follow-up 104 \| c. Monitoring should be based on institutional memory 105 \| d. Financial realities are crucial 105 \| 4. Coordinate policymaking, governmental interventions and the business environment more closely 105 \| REFERENCES 109 \|	es_ES
dc.format	116 páginas	es_ES
dc.language	eng	es_ES
dc.publisher	New York : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) : Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU)	es_ES
dc.rights	openAccess	es_ES
dc.rights	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/	*
dc.subject	DESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL	es_ES
dc.subject	INNOVACIÓN	es_ES
dc.subject	INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN	es_ES
dc.subject	TECNOLOGÍA	es_ES
dc.subject	POLÍTICAS	es_ES
dc.subject	POBREZA	es_ES
dc.subject	DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL	es_ES
dc.title	Technology and Innovation Report 2015: fostering innovation policies for industrial development	es_ES
dc.type	book	es_ES
dc.identifier.slug	https://biblio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/libros/146075-opac	es_ES
dc.tipo.spa	Libro	es_ES