La transformación de los sistemas electorales: la reforma electoral durante la transición democrática en Sudáfrica
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Mancebo, Ainara
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Quito: CELAEP
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A inicios de los años 90 Sudáfrica inició su transición política donde la transformación del sistema electoral fue una de los puntos clave en la agenda de negociación. Este artículo defiende que el cambio de los sistemas electorales durante las transiciones democráticas es producto de los cálculos estratégicos de los actores políticos implicados en el proceso de diseño institucional. En este caso de estudio, la inminente amenaza de la entrada de nuevos votantes y partidos políticos en la nueva arena electoral moldeará los cálculos estratégicos de cada actor implicado en el proceso. Como resultado, Sudáfrica transformó un sistema electoral pluralista poco inclusivo, utilizado durante el régimen oligárquico colonial, a un sistema electoral proporcional altamente inclusivo en la nueva dispensación democrática.
At the beginning of the 90s, South Africa initiated its political transition where the transformation of the electoral system was one of the key items on the negotiation agenda. This paper argues that the change of the electoral systems during democratic transitions is a product of the strategic calculations of the political actors engaged in the process of institutional design. In the case of study, the threat of new voters and political parties entrance in the electoral arena shaped the strategic calculus of each actor involved in the process. As a result, South Africa moved from a low inclusive majoritarian electoral system under the settler oligarchy to a high inclusive proportional electoral system in the new democracy.
At the beginning of the 90s, South Africa initiated its political transition where the transformation of the electoral system was one of the key items on the negotiation agenda. This paper argues that the change of the electoral systems during democratic transitions is a product of the strategic calculations of the political actors engaged in the process of institutional design. In the case of study, the threat of new voters and political parties entrance in the electoral arena shaped the strategic calculus of each actor involved in the process. As a result, South Africa moved from a low inclusive majoritarian electoral system under the settler oligarchy to a high inclusive proportional electoral system in the new democracy.
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p. 133-156
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Mancebo, Ainara. 2016. La transformación de los sistemas electorales: la reforma electoral durante la transición democrática en Sudáfrica. Revista Latinoamericana de Política Comparada 11: 133-156.
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