Pensar la diferencia: carencia y política en Pierre Clastres
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Barros, Sebastián
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Quito : FLACSO Sede Ecuador
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Abstract
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Este artículo repasa el análisis de Pierre Clastres sobre lo que él llamó “sociedades contra el Estado” y su objetivo es provocar una discusión sobre la manera en que la teoría política occidental pensó la noción de diferencia. En primer lugar, el artículo muestra la manera en que Clastres invirtió la
idea de carencia en los pueblos que estudió y, en lugar de presentarlos como sociedades a las que le faltaba algo (fe, rey, ley), los presentó como sociedades contra el Estado. En segundo lugar, el argumento
presentado discute la idea de Clastres de la política como matriz de toda diferencia. Para
él, la política opera sobre los límites del demos, definiendo cuáles son las diferencias que pueden ser legítimamente articuladas dentro de la comunidad. Finalmente, el artículo propone brevemente una manera en la que el análisis de procesos políticos contemporáneos, como el populismo latinoamericano o los movimientos de indignados en Europa, podrían beneficiarse de la concepción que Clastres tenía de la política y la diferencia.
This article addresses Pierre Clastres’ analysis of what he called “societies against the State”. Its goal is to engage in a discussion of the way in which Western political theory considered the notion of difference. First, the article shows the way in which Clastres deals with the idea of lack among the peoples he studied. Instead of presenting them as societies lacking something (faith, king, law), he describes these peoples as societies against the State. Then, the article tackles Clastres’ idea of politics as the matrix for all differences. For him, politics operates on the limits of the demos, defining which differences will be legitimately articulated within the community. Finally –and briefly–, the article puts forward a way in which the analysis of contemporary political processes like Latin America populisms or the Indignants Movement in Europe could benefit from Clastres’ conception of politics and difference.
This article addresses Pierre Clastres’ analysis of what he called “societies against the State”. Its goal is to engage in a discussion of the way in which Western political theory considered the notion of difference. First, the article shows the way in which Clastres deals with the idea of lack among the peoples he studied. Instead of presenting them as societies lacking something (faith, king, law), he describes these peoples as societies against the State. Then, the article tackles Clastres’ idea of politics as the matrix for all differences. For him, politics operates on the limits of the demos, defining which differences will be legitimately articulated within the community. Finally –and briefly–, the article puts forward a way in which the analysis of contemporary political processes like Latin America populisms or the Indignants Movement in Europe could benefit from Clastres’ conception of politics and difference.
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2013-09
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p. 121-133
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Barros, Sebastián. Pensar la diferencia: carencia y política en Pierre Clastres (Temas) = On difference: Lack and politics in Pierre Clastres. En: Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales. Vía crucis de la cooperación internacional. Quito : FLACSO Sede Ecuador, (no. 47, septiembre 2013): pp. 121-133. ISSN: 1390-1249.