Las re-reformas de los sistemas de pensiones en Argentina, Bolivia, Chile y Uruguay, 2003 - 2010 (artículos)
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Busquets, José Miguel
Pose, Nicolás
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Buenos Aires : FLACSO. Sede Académica Argentina.
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El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, procura caracterizar las re-reformas de los sistemas de pensiones en cuatro países sudamericanos: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile y Uruguay. Tras encontrar que dos reformas pueden ser descritas como "estructurales" - Argentina y Bolivia _ y otras dos como "paramétricas" - Chile y Uruguay -, se propone, en segundo lugar, identificar argumentos explicativos de esta variación, utilizando para ello la estrategia de análisis comparativo cualitativo. Como conclusión, se encuentra que las reformas estructurales pueden entenderse como el resultado de la fuerza de la centro izquierda gubernamental en el Parlamento, la menor dispersión institucional, el bajo legado histórico y el no acceso a los mercados de capitales (Argentina), o como la fuerza de la centro-izquierda gubernamental en el Parlamento y la menor dispersión institucional, sin perjuicio del legado histórico y el acceso a los mercados de capitales (Bolivia). En tanto que las reformas paramétricas tienen como condiciones la debilidad de la centro-izquierda gubernamental, la dispersión institucional, el considerable legado histórico y el acceso al mercado de capitales (Chile), o a la dispersión institucional y el acceso al mercado de capitales, sin perjuicio de la fuerza de la centro-izquierda gubernamental y el bajo legado histórico (Uruguay).
This paper has two objectives. The first one is to characterize the re-reforms of pension systems in four South American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Uruguay. After the finding that two reforms can be seen as “structural” –Argentina and Bolivia– and other two as “parametric” –Chile and Uruguay–, it seeks to identify explanatory arguments for this variation. For this purpose, it is used a qualitative comparative analysis approach. As a conclusion, it is found that structural reforms can be understood as the result of the power of center-left governing parties in Parliament, low institutional dispersion, low historical legacy and no capital market access (Argentina), or as the power of center-left governing parties in Parliament and low institutional dispersion, regardless of the historical legacy and capital market access (Bolivia). Whilst parametric reforms have as conditions a weak presence in Parliament of the center-left governing party, high institutional dispersion, high historical legacy and favorable capital market access (Chile), or high institutional dispersion and favorable capital market access, regardless of the power of center-left governing parties in Parliament and the historical legacy.
This paper has two objectives. The first one is to characterize the re-reforms of pension systems in four South American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Uruguay. After the finding that two reforms can be seen as “structural” –Argentina and Bolivia– and other two as “parametric” –Chile and Uruguay–, it seeks to identify explanatory arguments for this variation. For this purpose, it is used a qualitative comparative analysis approach. As a conclusion, it is found that structural reforms can be understood as the result of the power of center-left governing parties in Parliament, low institutional dispersion, low historical legacy and no capital market access (Argentina), or as the power of center-left governing parties in Parliament and low institutional dispersion, regardless of the historical legacy and capital market access (Bolivia). Whilst parametric reforms have as conditions a weak presence in Parliament of the center-left governing party, high institutional dispersion, high historical legacy and favorable capital market access (Chile), or high institutional dispersion and favorable capital market access, regardless of the power of center-left governing parties in Parliament and the historical legacy.
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Artículo
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2016-10
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p 105-122
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Busquets, José Miguel y Pose, Nicolás. 2016. Las re-reformas de los sistemas de pensiones en Argentina, Bolivia, Chile y Uruguay, 2003 - 2010 (artículos). Revista Estado y Políticas Públicas, 4 (7): 105-122.