Los Trabajadores en el Sur Global
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Ness, Immanuel
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México D. F., México : CIECAS - IPN
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En la manufactura, la inversión extranjera directa (IED) está concentrada en zonas especiales y zonas económicas de procesamiento de exportaciones (ZEE) donde los trabajadores tienen pocos derechos. El capital financiero se ha vuelto dominante sobre las decisiones de producción, sobre la base de criterios que han regulado por largo tiempo los salarios y las condiciones laborales. Los capitalistas financieros obtienen ganancias al invertir en contratistas que pagan a los trabajadores los salarios más bajos (en otras palabras, haciendo valer la sobre-explotación laboral). Los contratistas industriales están subordinados a los inversionistas multinacionales extranjeros: si no cumplen con las expectativas de rentabilidad, los financieros les retiran su respaldo y se desplazan hacia otros productores con menores costos.
In manufacturing, foreign direct investment (FDI) is concentrated in special zones such as special enterprise zones (EPZs) where workers have few rights. Finance capital has become dominant over production decisions, on the basis of criteria that have largely regulated wages and working conditions. Finance capitalists profit by investing in contractors that pay workers the lowest wages (in other words, super-exploitation). Industrial contractors are subservient to foreign multinational investors: if they fail to meet profit expectations financiers withdraw support and shift to lower-cost producers. Even in the mining and petroleum industries, capital reinvests in new forms of extraction when labor costs rise and threaten profits.
In manufacturing, foreign direct investment (FDI) is concentrated in special zones such as special enterprise zones (EPZs) where workers have few rights. Finance capital has become dominant over production decisions, on the basis of criteria that have largely regulated wages and working conditions. Finance capitalists profit by investing in contractors that pay workers the lowest wages (in other words, super-exploitation). Industrial contractors are subservient to foreign multinational investors: if they fail to meet profit expectations financiers withdraw support and shift to lower-cost producers. Even in the mining and petroleum industries, capital reinvests in new forms of extraction when labor costs rise and threaten profits.
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p. 5-12
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Ness, Immanuel. 2016. Los Trabajadores en el Sur Global (Fundamentos y Debate) o The workers in the Global South. Mundo Siglo XXI. Revista del Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Administrativas y Sociales del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 12(40): 5-12.